Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
2022 Detections of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Wild Birds
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Wild birds can be infected with HPAI and show no signs of illness. They can carry the disease to new areas when migrating, potentially exposing domestic poultry to the virus. APHIS anticipates additional avian influenza detections will occur in additional states as wild bird surveillance continues into the spring. APHIS’ wild bird surveillance program provides an early warning system for the introduction and distribution of avian influenza viruses of concern in the United States, allowing APHIS and the poultry industry to take timely and rapid action to reduce the risk of spread to our poultry industry and other populations of concern.
| State | County | Date Detected | HPAI Strain | Type of Wild Bird | Sampling Source |
|---|
Date Detected: Specimens detected by the NAHLN H5 assay were further tested by a developmental real-time RT PCR targeting the Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong H5 clade 2.3.4.4b. "Date Detected" indicates the date when a positive detection was obtained by the developmental RRT PCR targeting the Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong H5 clade 2.3.4.4b.
HPAI Strain:
EA = Eurasian; AM = North American; the EA H5 (2.3.4.4) viruses are highly pathogenic to poultry.
EA/AM: reassortant of H5 goose/Guangdong and North American wild bird lineage
Virus lineage, subtype, and pathotype per cleavage site analysis are determined from sequence data direct from the sample or virus isolate. An incomplete subtype indicates either 1) the specimen is pending virus isolation and/or sequencing results, or 2) the specimen was detected by the developmental H5 RRT PCR targeting the Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong H5 clade 2.3.4.4b but could not be further characterized, often due to a low level of virus or viral RNA present in a given sample.
Sampling Sources:
NWDP = USDA Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program
(1) Dept of the Interior USGS Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge, sample submitted through Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study.
(2) Deceased bird collected by Dept of the Interior USFWS, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center.
(3) Collected by Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife, submitted through Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study.
(4) Collected by North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, submitted through Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study.
(5) Collected by Massachusetts Department of Fish and Wildlife, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(6) Collected and submitted by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
(7) Collected by the National Wildlife Disease Program in coordination with New Hampshire Fish and Game Department, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(8) Collected by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(9) Collected and submitted by the Nebraska Department of Agriculture
(10) Collected by Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, submitted through Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study
(11) Collected by Department of the Interior USFWS, submitted through Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study
(12) Collected by Georgia Department of Natural Resources, submitted through Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study
(13) Collected and submitted by Iowa Department of Natural Resources
(14) Collected by Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, submitted through Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study
(15) Collected by Missouri Department of Conservation, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(16) Collected and submitted through Iowa Department of Natural Resources, with support from the National Wildlife Disease Program
(17) Collected by Ohio Department of Natural Resources, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center.
(18) Collected by South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center.
(19) Collected by North Dakota Game and Fish and Department of the Interior USFWS, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(20) Collected by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(21) Collected by North Dakota Game and Fish, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(22) Collected by Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(23) Collected by Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, submitted through USDA Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program
(24) Collected by Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(24) Collected by Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(25) Collected and submitted by New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets
(26) Collected by South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, submitted through Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study
(27) Collected by Montana Fish, Wildlife and parks, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(28) Collected by Maryland Department of Natural Resources, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(29) Collected by Idaho Fish & Game, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(30) Collected by Missouri Department of Conservation and US Fish and Wildlife Service, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(31) Collected by the Nisqually Tribe, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
(32) Collected by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and US Fish and Wildlife Service, submitted through USGS National Wildlife Health Center
Avian influenza is caused by influenza Type A virus (influenza A). Avian-origin influenza viruses are broadly categorized based on a combination of two groups of proteins on the surface of the influenza A virus: hemagglutinin or “H” proteins, of which there are 16 (H1-H16), and neuraminidase or “N” proteins, of which there are 9 (N1-N9). Many different combinations of “H” and “N” proteins are possible. Each combination is considered a different subtype, and related viruses within a subtype may be referred to as a lineage. Avian influenza viruses are classified as either “low pathogenic” or “highly pathogenic” based on their genetic features and the severity of the disease they cause in poultry. Most viruses are of low pathogenicity, meaning that they causes no signs or only minor clinical signs of infection in poultry.
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